1. be动词的概念:
be动词是系动词的一种,是与一般动词(实义动词)相区别的概念。一般动词表示具体的动作。而be动词不是动作,它通常与名词、形容词或其它词类一起表示主语的性质、状态、身份、特点等等。
一般动词很多,如:walk(走)、read(读)、stand(站立)等等,而be动词只有一个,那就是be,所以它称为be动词。be动词在不同的句子中有不同的中文意义,有时甚至不用翻译其意义。
be动词有不同的形式,如:现在式有am, are, is三种,过去式有was和were两种,过去分词只有been一种形式。
2. be动词的现在式用法:
be动词的现在式有am, are, is三种,具体用哪一种,必须由主语的人称和数决定。如下表所示:
例句:(1) I am a student. 我是一名学生。(2) We are all here. 我们大家都在这儿。(3) You are so beautiful. 你是那么漂亮。(4) He is my English teacher. 他是我的英语老师。(5) Is she nine years old?她是九岁吗?(6) My name is Mary. 我的名字叫玛丽。(7) It is sunny today. 今天的天气晴朗。(8) Tom and his friends are in the park. 汤姆和他的朋友们都在公园里。
3. be动词的过去式用法:
be动词的过去式是:was和were, 这两种形式与现在式用法没有多大区别,作谓语时用哪一种,还是由主语的人称和数决定。如下表:
(2)否定句:主语+be动词+not……如:My father is not a teacher.缩写:My father isn’t a teacher.We are not at home. 缩写:We aren’t at home.
(3)疑问句:be动词+主语……如:(a) 一般疑问句及其回答:Are you a student? 回答:Yes, I am. No, I am not.注意:含be动词的一般疑问句回答用Yes或No. 其结构是:Yes, + 主语 + be动词 / No, + 主语 + be动词 + not.(b) 特殊疑问句:What is your name?How are you?Where is my pencil-box?
4. There be句型:
there be句型是含有be动词的一个重要句型。其结构如下:
there + be动词 + 名词 + 地点状语
There is a school there. 那里有一个学校。
在这个句型中a school是真正的主语,be动词的形式由它决定。当这个名词是单数时,be动词是is或was, 当这个名词是复数时,be动词用are或were。如:
There are many students in the classroom.
在教室里有许多学生There was an accident in the street last night.
昨晚这街上有个车祸。There were lots of people in the room when I got in.
当我进去的时候,屋里有很多人。
there be句型的一般疑问句是将be动词提前,否定句也是将be动词后面加上not,如:Is there any water in the bottle?
瓶子里有一些水吗?There aren’t any students in the room.
房间里没有任何学生。
题练习及答案
一、写出下列完全形式的简缩形式。
I am=_____ she is= _____ we are=_____
he is=_____ there are=_____ let us=_____
is not=_____ are not=_____ It is=____
who is=____
二、填入正确的be动词
1. I ________ from Australia.
2. She _______ a student.
3.Jane and Tom _________ my friends.
4. My parents _______ very busy every day.
5.I ______ an English teacher now.
6.Where _________ you from?
7.The light _________ green.
8.My name _______ Li Dong.I _________ twelve.
9._________ they your new friends?
10. I ______ a boy. ______ you a boy? No, I _____ not.
三、在下面的短文中填上恰当be动词。
I ______ a girl. My name _______ Mary. I ______ in Class 2, Grade 7. I ______ 12 years old. Here ______ my family photo. Look! These ______ my parents and those _______ my grandparents. This boy ______ my brother. He ______ 15 years old now. That ______ my cat, Mimi. It ______ very lovely.
参考答案
欧、1.am 2.is 3.are 4.are 5.'m 6.are 7.is 8.is; 'm 9.Are 10.'m; Are; 'm
三、I am a girl. My name is Mary. I am in Class 2, Grade 7. I am 12 years old. Here is my family photo. Look! These are my parents and those are my grandparents. This boy is my brother. He is 15 years old now. That is my cat, Mimi. It is very lovely.